Mkt630 GDB No. 1 Fall 2011 solution

Discussion Objective:

To understand distinct marketing approaches which are used for the same product in its different stages of product life cycle and to realize the difference in these approaches.

Point of discussion:

Assume that a group of business editorial writers related to leading newspapers of Pakistan are discussing the current business practices in Pakistan. You are there as a third party observer of this discussion and have to closely observe what they are talking. The description of discussion is as following. One of them initiated the discussion by saying that in the recent past it has been observed in the IT equipments market of Pakistan that used IT equipment are being imported and traded in local market at a massive level. The major IT equipments being traded are personal computers (both the desktop systems and laptops), printers, monitors, key boards and mouse pointers. Then he put forth a question that what can be the possible reason behind importing these used equipments? Are most of these products faulty and out of order and so these are firstly repaired and then sold in Pakistan or there is any other reason. Another question was raised that if these products are still usable then why the foreign countries sell these to Pakistan? One editor came up with the point that might be these products are exported to Pakistan because these products were at the last stage of their product lives and were declared outdated in the foreign countries. You have now been welcomed by them to bring your own flavor in discussion and to bring the discussion to a conclusive level as they are not clear about the whole happening.

Discussion Agenda:

You have to give your opinion by responding to the questions raised and opinions given by them.

Solution:

Small scale surveys and focus groups are low cost ways to gather information from potential and existing customers. Also most of the secondary data (statistics, demographics, etc.) is available easily to the SMEs to analyze according to their needs.

Eco403 GDB No. 1 fall 2011 solution

According to CIA World Fact Book, current population growth rate of Pakistan and China are 1.57% and 0.493% respectively. In both countries, ratio of females is more than males. Logically discuss that how this increasing ratio of females will affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of both countries?

Solution:

In these two countries (as well as others) women are given a lower standard of education and are usually either at home or doing low paid work. So unless they get their act together really soon there will be many vacancies for skilled workers which cannot be filled , the result will be a lower rate of increase of the GDP over the coming years compared to the rate it would rise if women were properly educated and had access to skilled work.

Course Selection for Fall 2011 for VU Students

Published On: Wednesday, September 07, 2011

Course Selection for Fall 2011 (Commencement of classes October 3, 2011) (Course selection option for MSCS students will be announced later for detail email mscs@vu.eud.pk ) Last Date to Add / Drop / Replace course(s): October 10, 2011 The Course Selection link will remain open up to Monday, October 10, 2011 under Student Services; students are advised to login to their respective VU LMS account and select their courses immediately failing which their student status will be considered as “INACTIVE STUDENT”. Classes for fall 2011 will commence on October 3, 2011. Note: 1. Existing students may Select/Add/Drop/Replace course(s) themselves through ‘Student Services’ Course Selection link 2. Newly admit students enrolled in the 1st semester of their Study Programme are given preselected courses; however, they have an option to drop course(s) from course selection link available at LMS through ‘student services’ or via email to course_selection@vu.edu.pk on or before October 10, 2011. (Note: This practice will eventually increase the duration of the study program and fee). 3. Students with blocked VU LMS (due to non-payment of fee) are not allowed to make course selection/semester enrolment unless they deposit their outstanding dues. 4. No course Add/Drop request is acceptable after October 10, 2011. In case a student fails to appear in Final Term examination of course (s), s/he will be treated as ‘F (Absent)’ just like Drop course (s) with no fee refund/adjustment. 5. Fee voucher once issued will not be re-issued if a student drops course(s). 6. Request of student to relax/waive off any offered assignment/Quiz will not be accepted. 7. To apply for VU scholarships, the eligibility criteria also include selecting and qualifying courses according to respective semester wise study scheme. 8. Students are required to strictly follow while enrollment of maximum credit hours limit for a semester including ‘F’ or ‘D’ grade course(s), if any. 9. In any of the subsequent semesters a student may repeat once, those courses of the previous semester(s) in which s/he had secured the lowest grade i.e. ‘D’ only. However, a student is not allowed to improve ‘D’ grade of a deficiency course qualified. Any improved grade will substitute ‘F’ and ‘D’ grades of the previous semester for calculating CGPA. 10. A student, who fails to achieve the required CGPA for award of diploma/degree, upon the completion of entire prescribed course work program, may be allowed to repeat, once the course (s) of the previous semesters in which s/he had obtained the ‘D’ grades, in order achieve the minimum CGPA required for the award of diploma/degree, failing which s/he shall cease to be on the rolls.” 11. Specialization certificate students’ are not allowed to improve ‘D’ grade course(s). 12. Regular MBA 2-year program students that have earned 18 to 54 credit hours are directed to complete their degree on or before spring 2013 semester. Whereas those who have earned 57 to 72 credit hours with low CGPA are encouraged to complete their degree requirements on or before fall 2012 semester. 13. Students are instructed to follow strictly the Rules and Procedure given in Student Hand Book under - Course Selection link in LMS account. Declaration: I hereby acknowledge that I have completely read and understood the above rules including semester enrollment, course selection etc. I understand that I shall be responsible for the consequence and thus promise to abide by the University rules framed out from time to time.

SOC101 Assignment No. 3 - solution soon

Semester “Spring 2011”

“Introduction to Sociology” (SOC101)”

Assignment No. 03 Marks: 15

GENDER INEQUALITY

Functionalist, conflict, inter-actionist, and feminist are different school of thought which give the explanations for gender inequalities.

Q# 1: Which school of thought influence your point of view about gender inequality and why? Discuss only one school of thought. 10

Q# 2: Being a student of sociology, how can you find out the women’s class position with reference to Pakistani society? 5

Schedule

Opening Date and Time June 29, 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)

Due Date and Time July 04, 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)

Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the above mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates

HRM627 GDB No. 3 solution

Semester “Spring 2011”

“Human Resource Development (HRM 627)”

This is to inform that Graded Discussion Board (GDB-2) will be opened according to the following schedule

Opening Date and Time:
30th June , 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)

Closing Date and Time: 04th July , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)

Topic/Area for Discussion
“Minority discrimination”

Note: The discussion question will be from the area/topic mentioned above. So start learning about the topic now.

Topic & Question


We are all familiar with ‘Eunuch’ (Urdu: Khawaja Sra) people. Their positions have deteriorated to be considered as ‘socially outcast’, ‘unwanted people’, subjected to mockery, ridicule and derogatory. Are they not human? Even it is impossible to completely end the discrimination against them.

In your point of view what steps government should take in reducing the humiliation against them and promoting their welfare?
Give Four Suggestions.


Word limit: should be less than 100 words

SOLUTION:
Though the presence of khawaja sara in our society is not a new idea, and they are accepted in a few designated roles like entertainers, dancers, beggars or sex workers. Law is also silent on this discrimination; although the basic human rights mechanism in national laws does protect everybody without discrimination.

1. State should start public awareness program regarding the discrimination of minority

2. Elimination of gender column from the ID card form could help them to become honorable society members

3. Quota in jobs and education can help to decrease this type of minority discrimination but surly after public awareness

4. Using media to negate the negativism about khwaja saras from society will help to elicit the discrimination

Mgt501 Assignment No. 2 solution

“Human Resource Management (MGT501)”

Assignment No. 2 Marks: 15

“Career Management”

Career management is no doubt a process that continues throughout your professional life. It helps you in planning the career in a rational and tactical way to avoid any professional mistake that may waste your time, efforts and money. You might have planned you career keeping in mind your education, skills and personal interest. Applying the techniques of Career management, you are required to choose a career for yourself and design a comprehensive career path.

Please note this is an exclusive question therefore the chance of similar answers is rare. This assignment will help you in making your career plan so serious efforts are required as this is for your self learning.

Important Tips

1. This Assignment can be best attempted from the knowledge acquired after watching video lecture no. 23 to lecture no 25 and reading handouts as well as recommended text book).

Schedule

Opening Date and Time

May 27 , 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)

Due Date and Time

June 02 , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)

Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace period after the above mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience.


Solution:


Idea

1) Keep in mind your strengths.

2) Weaknesses

3) Opportunities.

4) Threats.

And also assess the kind of job what you want to do.
Also keep eyes on your pocket.
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steps involved in career planning
1) Assess Your Strengths:
Make a list of your strongest skills and abilities. Ask your friends and family members for input. Remember, there are many kinds of intelligence. Are you good with words? Are you skillful at building or fixing things? Is math or music a strength for you? Maybe you have an artistic gift, or you have a natural ability to help people.

2) Gather Career Data:
A very valuable resource is the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH), developed by the U.S.Department of Labor. The OOH describes over 250 jobs, along with their earnings, training and skill requirements, working conditions, schedules, advancement opportunities, and projected growth.

3) Tap Into Your Network:
We usually don't know much about the day-to-day realities of most occupations. Yet this is exactly the kind of information you'll need to find a good career fit. Ask relatives, neighbors, or anyone you know about the details of their jobs.

Consider scheduling an "informational interview" with a professional in your field of interest. Ask whether the job involves working mostly with other people or alone. What education or training is required? Is the work done independently or under close supervision? What kind of paperwork is involved? How much of the job is indoors versus outside? Is it repetitive, or does it involve varied duties? Is this a "desk job," or is more physical activity involved? Discuss wages, advancement opportunities, and the best and worst parts of the job.

4) Research Your Labor Market:
Sometimes students will earn a degree, only to discover their community is already saturated with qualified workers in their field. For example, if you're thinking of training as a medical assistant, call the school to find out where graduates are placed. Ask local hospitals, clinics and nursing facilities how many medical assistants they employ, their turnover rate, openings anticipated within the next year, and any expected growth or decline.

5) Take Career Tests:
Your school, colleges and private companies offer career guidance testing. Aptitude, interest and personality style tests help you discover which careers would be satisfying for you.

6) Job Shadow or Volunteer:
Get first-hand knowledge by seeing the job in action. Through "job shadowing," you can spend a day observing someone working in a job you're interested in. Or gain actual work experience through volunteering. Schools, churches, hospitals and many national service organizations like the United Way can always use volunteers. Volunteering looks good on your resume, gives you references, and is often a springboard to a paying job.

I will simply follow the aforementioned steps to become a good HR practitioner.


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


My education, skills and personal interest is any industrial and non industrial account department. Because my personal interest in account field then I choose it and get admission in this department. For improved yourself I am used these techniques.

Company Material:
Some firms provide material to their workers in career planning and development.

Workshops:
Some firms are conduct workshops two of three days. The main theme is the career development of the company workers.

Planning with educated persons:
This a formal discussion way in which top management is decided what type of planning and development activates is useful.

Software packages:
Some software package is used career planning and development.

Career planning web site:
Visit some career planning web sites that provide information about career planning and counseling.

For career planning I am used this career path.

Lateral skill path:
When we join a firm then I am not an experienced person. For passage of time I will gain experienced in my field. In lateral skill path is a career path in which viewed as moving upward to higher levels of management in the organization. Because I am not like that an individual is work on a same job throughout life. So the lateral moves within the firm are take an individual to become revitalized and find new challenges.

IT430 Assignment No. 3 solution

Please note that Assignment No. 3 of IT430 has been uploaded. The due date to submit solutions is 06-06-2011 (06-June-2011). All the instructions for solving assignment are there in assignment file. Please make sure, you read the instructions before attempting assignment and upload solutions before due date.

Assignment Question:

Question# 1 (5)

a) In minting stage of E-cash payment system, what mechanism is used to make the serial number (generated by client’s cyber wallet) blind? (2)

b) Assume that you want to buy a low cost item like shoes, wallet etc, what payment system do you suggest for this transaction and why? (3)

Question# 2 (5)

Suppose you want to buy an apple iphone from an online shopping site through E-cash payment system. What steps would be followed to make this transaction?

Solution:

solution Question 1
a) At this stage the bank knows as to who amongst its different account holders or clients is requesting for the bank’s signatures on the serial no., but it does not know the serial no. it is signing due to the blinding factor “r”.

b) Here in Pakistan, people are not use to of plastic money, specially the small vendors. if i am buying a low cost product than i will pay through cash to avoid long procedure of bank.

This purchase will take the following steps.........

E-Cash & the Web

Merchant Software
Merchant Client Software
Wallet Client
Wallet Web
Browser
Web Server
wallet Starts
1.Select Order
2. Merchant
3. Payment Request (Order)
4. Payment (coins, order)
5. Deposit coins
6. Accepted
7. Receipt
8.Send goods
9.Goods/Acknowledgement

Mgt211 Assignment No. 2 solution

Suppose you want to start a business of ready-made garments by opening a factory in Faisalabad. Your product will be T-Shirts. There are already three garments manufacturing companies (having the same product) in that area. These companies are doing their business with big foreign buyers like Nike, Puma, D& G, JC Penny, Brands& Fashions, Sports Essentials, and Marks & Spencer etc.

1) How you will differentiate your product from your competitors? (5 Marks)

Answer: First step that should be taken is to make the customer aware of the type or quality of T-shirts which fulfill customer requirements and then to settle up to reasonable prices to differentiate product from competitors (your shirts from other T-shirts in market) by gaining competitive advantage.

2) What pricing strategy you will adopt to grab the market share from your competitors? (5 Marks)

Answer: In the market place, to grab the market share from competitors we can set lower prices or adopt psychological strategy to have a psychological price impact of T-shirts on customers which will attract more customers so if the per unit price of T-shirt is Rs.85 then we can change figures up to level 84.95 or 85.99 rupees.

3) Which channel of distribution you will adopt to deliver your product to foreign customers? (5 Marks)

Answer: The channel adopted would be considered as product distribution or place channel with the ease to supply our T-shirts to the end customers while the direct or indirect channels used in process to deliver T-shirts accordance to requirements of our foreign customers at right time.

What will be your promotion method to attract the foreign customers toward your products? (5 Marks

Answer: The methodology adopted to attract the foreign customers towards our T-shirts is to use latest technology, enhance brand image a thirst to innovation, budget line while keeping in mind about the legal issues arising are allowed to promote our T-shirts or not and considering target audience to which business want to reach.

MGT201 GDB Solution

Answers

The expected Rate of Return = 39.7% ?

The standard deviation of the returns=23.5989 %

The coefficient of variation of the returns =0.5944

Comment about the riskiness of the new investment = New project with CV=0.5 is less riskier than the CV =0.5944, so new investment should be preferred





Solution:

a) Expected rate of return

Expected ROR = < r > = pi ri

= p1 (r1) + p2 (r2) + p3 (r3) + p4(r4) + p5(r5)

= 0.010 ( -10%) + 0.450 ( 20%) + 0.320 ( 45%) + 0.140(60%) + 0.080 (100%)

= - 0.1% + 9% + 14.4% + 8.4% + 8 %

= 39.7%

b) The standard deviation of the returns

Risk = Std Dev = ( r i - < r i > )2 p i

= Std Dev = δ = √ Σ (r i - < r i >)2 p i.

= √{[(-10-39.7)2 (0.010)] + [(20-39.7)2 (0.0.450)] + [(45-39.7)2 (0.320)] + [(60-39.7)2(0.140) + [(100-39.7)2(.080) }

=√ (24.7009 + 174.6405 + 8.9888 + 57.6926 + 290.8872)

= √ (556.91)

=√557

Standard Deviation, δ = 23.5989

c) Coefficient of variation , CV = Standard Deviation = 23.5989 / 39.7

Expected Return

= 0.5944

d) Coefficient of Variation tells us about the Risk per unit Return. The project which offers lowest per unit risk is the best investment. 0.5944 > 0.5. The new investment offer the CV of 0.50 which is lower than calculated CV in part (iii) is 0.5944. Choose the Project with the Lowest CV i-e CV=0.5. As it carries the lowest Risk per unit Return than 0.5944

MGMT628/HRM628 GDB 2 Idea Solution

LEADING AND MANAGING CHANGE

Introduction:
“Lay-off” is one of the most intricate ways an organization deals with financial, political and/or structural changes. The management has to face resistance, low quality work, concerned employees, rumors, employee dissatisfaction and, the most serious of all, loss of skilled workers. Following are some statements of troubled employees that management generally comes across:
1. “Top management thinks they can run the company alone. We keep asking them the reason of laying-off such talented people, who were once considered the threshold of the organization. All they provide us is with diplomatic and politically correct statements. Some people are saying they want to kick us out and hire their own family and friends, others are saying the company is closing down. We don’t understand the reason and we don’t know what will happen in the future.”
2. “We should have at least been consulted. We have given a large part of our lives to this company and we deserve to be a part of every decision that involves us and our future. The company’s values have been high-level employee participation and time and again our management has also empowered us to make decisions; they should have at least kept that spirit alive.”
3. “My manager never listened to me in the first place. I came to her office one day to confront her on the decision and she gave me 100 reasons why I was wrong and she was right. We are dedicated and experienced people and we know this business more than our management. The least they can do is listen to us and respect our opinion.” Address

Question:
Consider yourself an OD Practitioner and analyze these three statements depicting resistance to change. Identify which strategy you would use to deal with each situation.

Ans:
For 1st situation strategy is Communication
For 2nd situation strategy is Participation and Involvement
For 3rd situation strategy is Empathy and Support

HRM627 (GDB # 02) Idea Solution

Discussion Question

There are different sectors in economy i.e. public, private and voluntary sectors. And in public sector, there are numerous types of organizations. Following are some commercial criteria for the public sector organizations. You are required to identify the subtype of the organization along with who takes the decisions in each subtype. Fill the empty boxes by specific answers relevant to those particular criteria.

S No.	Commercial Criteria	Sector Subtype	Decision Taken By
1	Commercial criteria depends upon the type of business and nature of task	Partial Outsourcing	Government/Management
2	Expected to operate according to commercial criteria	Publicly owned Corporations	Management/Themselves
3	No specific requirement to meet commercial success criteria	Direct Administration	Government

ECO 403_GDB Solution

Unemployment is an economic problem as well as a social issue. It affects the living of all the people in a society whether they are young or old, educated or uneducated, skilled or unskilled. Why unemployment is increasing day by day in Pakistan? Write down at least one reason.

Answer:

Unemployment is increasing day by day in Pakistan due to many reasons. Reasons are job search and wage rigidity in the country.

• Job search:

1. Workers have different abilities and preferences.

2. Jobs have different skill requirements.

3. Geographic mobility of workers.

4. Flow of information is imperfect.

· Wage rigidity:

1. Minimum wage laws.

2. Labor unions.

3. Efficiency wages.

· Sectoral shifts.

· Unemployment insurance (This is for European countries)

FIN623 2nd GDB IDEA SOLUTION

Samsung has a branch office in Pakistan. Mr. Kim, who is the employee of head office, is dedicated to perform services for the Pakistan branch office. What will be the tax treatment of salary received by Mr. Kim according to Income Tax Ordinance

2001?

Answer:

Treatment of Salary through employment Exercised in Pakistan:

Salary received by Mr. Kim will be Taxable under (Section 101) "Pakistan

Source Income" of the Income Tax Ordinance 2001.

Additional Explanation:

As Samsung which is a foreign company but has a branch office in

Pakistan its means that Samsung is working in Pakistan through Permanent

Establishment in Pakistan so it will be a resident company here and any salary paid by a resident company is Pakistan Source income and also any salary which can be earn through employment exercised in Pakistan will be chargeable to tax under Pakistan Source Income

ECO401 Assignment # 2 Solution:

Assignment # 2 Solution:

Question:

A firm operating in competitive environment faces the following price (P),quantity (Q), total fixed cost (TFC) and total variable cost (TVC) schedules respectively:

A. Calculate total revenue (TR), marginal revenue (MR), total cost (TC),marginal cost (MC) and profit (π) for each level of output (Q).

Solution:-

Q	P	TFC	TVC	TR	MR	TC	MC	π
400	2.5	150	750	1000	—	900	—	100
500	2.25	150	830	1125	1.25	980	0.8	145
600	2	150	905	1200	0.75	1055	0.75	145
700	1.75	150	995	1225	0.25	1145	0.9	80

B. Find the optimal level of output and price which maximizes firm’s profit.

Answer:-

As we know that profit is maximized at the point where MC = MR. The optimal level of Output (Q) and Price (P) at which maximizes firm’s profit is 600 and 2.