IT430 Assignment No. 3 solution

Please note that Assignment No. 3 of IT430 has been uploaded. The due date to submit solutions is 06-06-2011 (06-June-2011). All the instructions for solving assignment are there in assignment file. Please make sure, you read the instructions before attempting assignment and upload solutions before due date.

Assignment Question:

Question# 1 (5)

a) In minting stage of E-cash payment system, what mechanism is used to make the serial number (generated by client’s cyber wallet) blind? (2)

b) Assume that you want to buy a low cost item like shoes, wallet etc, what payment system do you suggest for this transaction and why? (3)

Question# 2 (5)

Suppose you want to buy an apple iphone from an online shopping site through E-cash payment system. What steps would be followed to make this transaction?

Solution:

solution Question 1
a) At this stage the bank knows as to who amongst its different account holders or clients is requesting for the bank’s signatures on the serial no., but it does not know the serial no. it is signing due to the blinding factor “r”.

b) Here in Pakistan, people are not use to of plastic money, specially the small vendors. if i am buying a low cost product than i will pay through cash to avoid long procedure of bank.

This purchase will take the following steps.........

E-Cash & the Web

Merchant Software
Merchant Client Software
Wallet Client
Wallet Web
Browser
Web Server
wallet Starts
1.Select Order
2. Merchant
3. Payment Request (Order)
4. Payment (coins, order)
5. Deposit coins
6. Accepted
7. Receipt
8.Send goods
9.Goods/Acknowledgement

Mgt211 Assignment No. 2 solution

Suppose you want to start a business of ready-made garments by opening a factory in Faisalabad. Your product will be T-Shirts. There are already three garments manufacturing companies (having the same product) in that area. These companies are doing their business with big foreign buyers like Nike, Puma, D& G, JC Penny, Brands& Fashions, Sports Essentials, and Marks & Spencer etc.

1) How you will differentiate your product from your competitors? (5 Marks)

Answer: First step that should be taken is to make the customer aware of the type or quality of T-shirts which fulfill customer requirements and then to settle up to reasonable prices to differentiate product from competitors (your shirts from other T-shirts in market) by gaining competitive advantage.

2) What pricing strategy you will adopt to grab the market share from your competitors? (5 Marks)

Answer: In the market place, to grab the market share from competitors we can set lower prices or adopt psychological strategy to have a psychological price impact of T-shirts on customers which will attract more customers so if the per unit price of T-shirt is Rs.85 then we can change figures up to level 84.95 or 85.99 rupees.

3) Which channel of distribution you will adopt to deliver your product to foreign customers? (5 Marks)

Answer: The channel adopted would be considered as product distribution or place channel with the ease to supply our T-shirts to the end customers while the direct or indirect channels used in process to deliver T-shirts accordance to requirements of our foreign customers at right time.

What will be your promotion method to attract the foreign customers toward your products? (5 Marks

Answer: The methodology adopted to attract the foreign customers towards our T-shirts is to use latest technology, enhance brand image a thirst to innovation, budget line while keeping in mind about the legal issues arising are allowed to promote our T-shirts or not and considering target audience to which business want to reach.

MGT201 GDB Solution

Answers

The expected Rate of Return = 39.7% ?

The standard deviation of the returns=23.5989 %

The coefficient of variation of the returns =0.5944

Comment about the riskiness of the new investment = New project with CV=0.5 is less riskier than the CV =0.5944, so new investment should be preferred





Solution:

a) Expected rate of return

Expected ROR = < r > = pi ri

= p1 (r1) + p2 (r2) + p3 (r3) + p4(r4) + p5(r5)

= 0.010 ( -10%) + 0.450 ( 20%) + 0.320 ( 45%) + 0.140(60%) + 0.080 (100%)

= - 0.1% + 9% + 14.4% + 8.4% + 8 %

= 39.7%

b) The standard deviation of the returns

Risk = Std Dev = ( r i - < r i > )2 p i

= Std Dev = δ = √ Σ (r i - < r i >)2 p i.

= √{[(-10-39.7)2 (0.010)] + [(20-39.7)2 (0.0.450)] + [(45-39.7)2 (0.320)] + [(60-39.7)2(0.140) + [(100-39.7)2(.080) }

=√ (24.7009 + 174.6405 + 8.9888 + 57.6926 + 290.8872)

= √ (556.91)

=√557

Standard Deviation, δ = 23.5989

c) Coefficient of variation , CV = Standard Deviation = 23.5989 / 39.7

Expected Return

= 0.5944

d) Coefficient of Variation tells us about the Risk per unit Return. The project which offers lowest per unit risk is the best investment. 0.5944 > 0.5. The new investment offer the CV of 0.50 which is lower than calculated CV in part (iii) is 0.5944. Choose the Project with the Lowest CV i-e CV=0.5. As it carries the lowest Risk per unit Return than 0.5944

MGMT628/HRM628 GDB 2 Idea Solution

LEADING AND MANAGING CHANGE

Introduction:
“Lay-off” is one of the most intricate ways an organization deals with financial, political and/or structural changes. The management has to face resistance, low quality work, concerned employees, rumors, employee dissatisfaction and, the most serious of all, loss of skilled workers. Following are some statements of troubled employees that management generally comes across:
1. “Top management thinks they can run the company alone. We keep asking them the reason of laying-off such talented people, who were once considered the threshold of the organization. All they provide us is with diplomatic and politically correct statements. Some people are saying they want to kick us out and hire their own family and friends, others are saying the company is closing down. We don’t understand the reason and we don’t know what will happen in the future.”
2. “We should have at least been consulted. We have given a large part of our lives to this company and we deserve to be a part of every decision that involves us and our future. The company’s values have been high-level employee participation and time and again our management has also empowered us to make decisions; they should have at least kept that spirit alive.”
3. “My manager never listened to me in the first place. I came to her office one day to confront her on the decision and she gave me 100 reasons why I was wrong and she was right. We are dedicated and experienced people and we know this business more than our management. The least they can do is listen to us and respect our opinion.” Address

Question:
Consider yourself an OD Practitioner and analyze these three statements depicting resistance to change. Identify which strategy you would use to deal with each situation.

Ans:
For 1st situation strategy is Communication
For 2nd situation strategy is Participation and Involvement
For 3rd situation strategy is Empathy and Support

HRM627 (GDB # 02) Idea Solution

Discussion Question

There are different sectors in economy i.e. public, private and voluntary sectors. And in public sector, there are numerous types of organizations. Following are some commercial criteria for the public sector organizations. You are required to identify the subtype of the organization along with who takes the decisions in each subtype. Fill the empty boxes by specific answers relevant to those particular criteria.

S No.	Commercial Criteria	Sector Subtype	Decision Taken By
1	Commercial criteria depends upon the type of business and nature of task	Partial Outsourcing	Government/Management
2	Expected to operate according to commercial criteria	Publicly owned Corporations	Management/Themselves
3	No specific requirement to meet commercial success criteria	Direct Administration	Government