| | Assignment No. 01 CS302: Digital Logic Design | Total Marks: 10 Due Date: 18/04/2011 | |||||||||||||||||
| Instructions: Please read the following instructions carefully before submitting assignment: It should be clear that your assignment will not get any credit if: § The assignment is submitted after due date. § The assignment is submitted via email. § The submitted assignment does not open or file is corrupt. § All types of plagiarism are strictly prohibited. Objectives: · Understanding the number system. · Understanding the conversion of numbers into various number systems. Guidelines: · Perform all steps while converting the numbers. | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assignment | | ||||||||||||||||||
| Problem Statement: 1) Convert 10101100 binary numbers to its decimal equivalent. (2 Marks) Solution: 10101100 = 1x27 + 0x26 + 1x25 + 0x24 + 1x23+ 1x22 + 0x21 + 0x20 = 1x128 + 0x64 + 1x32+ 0x16 + 1x8 + 1x4 + 0x2 + 0x1 = 128+0+32+0+8+4+0+0 = 172 2) Convert decimal number 374 to octal number. (2 Marks) Solution: We will use repeated division method.
Now writing the reminders in the reverse order 566. 3) Convert the following 0110100000111001 (BCD) in to decimal number. (2 Marks) Solution: We first of all with will write 0110100000111001 in the groups of four bits, and then will write down the decimal equivalent of each group. = 0110 1000 0011 1001 6 8 3 9 Our required decimal number is 6839 4) Convert B2A16 to Octal (2 Marks) Solution: First we will convert B2A to Binary 1011 0010 1010 Now grouping into 3 bit 101 100 101 010 5 4 5 2 We will get 5452 5) Convert decimal number 3085 to hex Solution:
12 0 13 C 0 D We will get C0D16 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deadline: Your assignment must be uploaded/submitted on or before 18th April, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sunday, April 24, 2011
CS302 Assignment No. 01 Solution
Saturday, April 23, 2011
Mgmt630 HRM630 Assignment No. 1 solution
The Assignment:
ABC Corporation is an Information Technology based company in Pakistan who has undertaken many successful projects. Realizing the importance of knowledge management, ABC Corporation formally decided to manage and utilize knowledge effectively. Discuss and explain any three drivers that compel the organization for effective knowledge management.”
Answer/solution:
There are many solutions for Knowledge Management (KM) ranging from a simple to sophisticated system that can help develop and manage the entire knowledge capital. Hence, it is important to embrace effective KM solution by focusing on identifying all the pain points of an organization. We should be aware of what we know, what we need to know, why we need to know, how we can gain knowledge and what are its value to our organizations.
KM/Business Processes
This is about the KM processes we follow in our business functions.
* Every business has many business functions such as strategy, planning, research, development, marketing, service, administration, training and so on.
* Each of these business functions involves extensive knowledge. There is always room for improvements, need for creativity and need for learning. Every function can be better and different when it is systematically approached.
* Managing the knowledge and needs involves various stages (knowledge life-cycle) from strategy to measuring its value. Lack of linkage between our actions and business needs drains our energy and makes our effort a futile exercise.
* Addressing the KM processes through best practices and knowledge life cycle in a systematic and innovative manner helps to meet the business challenges.
* KM is not about Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) but it is about identifying the knowledge activities in each of the business processes.
Knowledge Communities
It covers collaborative culture, community practices, collaborative learning and the people side of KM. * Human capital forms the core part of business processes. Everyone is involved in learning and development.
* Knowledge is becoming increasingly complex but the time available to develop, manage and utilize the knowledge is becoming shorter and shorter.
* These increasing complexities drive people to work in team and in harmony not only for execution but also for learning and thinking. Developing personal mastery and team mastery will take us towards our goal.
* Everyone has the capability to dream, learn, execute and communicate but connecting what we learn with other's learning is a challenge. It is essential to make everyone to perform at their optimum level.
* Whenever a team is involved in any of these processes, a common platform or a consistent model is needed to minimize chaos and maximize result. People can be part of the system unconsciously.
Core-Competency
To achieve core-competency is the collective capability, true intellect or unique talent of an organization developed over a period. It is an integral part of an organization.
* Core-competency is nothing but a combination of team capacity and collective intangible assets driven by a system that includes people, people and products (technology).
* It is the combination of people, knowledge and processes. It can also be called as "7th sense" or "organization's knowledge base in action". Knowledge is ultimately delivered in the form of products, contents and services.
* Developing core-competency takes time. Working as "one team" and building core-competency makes organization unbeatable.
* Proper understanding and implementation of KM is essential for this development.
* Core-competency should be in the subconscious mind of the organizations to ensure that the people naturally perform and embrace a common model to reach the common target without difficulties.
Fin621 Assignment No. 1 Announced
Semester “Spring 2011”
“Finanacial Statement Analysis (FIN621)”
Assignment No. 01 Marks: 15
Question:
Eagle Security Service (PVT) Ltd. provides security solutions to various offices and shopping centers in the city. The books of accounts of the company are closed at the end of the calendar year. The following transactions occurred during the financial year 2009.
1. On August 01, the company received Rs. 40,000 as advance payment from ABC Shopping Mall for security services that are to be performed for the period of four months starting from August 01. The accountant of the Eagle Security Service recorded the same amount by crediting the “services revenue account” on August 01, 2009.
2. XYZ Company Limited filed a lawsuit against the Eagle Security Service (PVT) Ltd. For claims of worth Rs. 30,000 but the suit has not yet been settled.
3. On December 01, 2009, the company received Rs. 36,000 from the “Stylish Jewelers” located on the Main Boulevard for security services to be performed for the period of six months starting from December 01,2009. The entire amount was credited to the “unearned services revenue account”
4. The company uses a rental building as head office for which rent is accrued of Rs. 80,000 for twelve months up to the end of December but the company usually records rent expense when the rent is actually paid. Rent is normally paid in the first month of next year.
5. Entries are recorded for salaries expenses when employees are actually paid. Salaries are still to be paid amounting to Rs. 50,000 of one month till December 31, 2009.
6. On December 01, 2009 the company borrowed Rs. 300,000 from National Bank of Pakistan by issuing a 15% note payable due after six months. No entry is passed by the accountant yet.
7. On October 31, 2009 the company made a payment of worth Rs. 18,000 for insurance policy of one year starting from the beginning of November 01 2009. The whole amount was recorded as “prepaid insurance account”.
8. No depreciation expense for year has been recognized of the fixed asset having the cost of Rs. 80,000 and the book value of Rs. 51,200. Previously assets were depreciated (written down value method) @ 20% per annum.
Instructions:
1. For each above transaction pass the adjusting entry, if required; at December 31,2009. (Simply state “NO” with one line reason where adjusting entry is not required).
2. Explain the effect after adjustments on the “Expenses, Assets and Owners’ equity”of the company. Use the below format where “I” = increase , “D” = Decrease and “NE” = No Effect
Sr. No
Expense
Asset
Owners’ equity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Important Tips
1. This Assignment can be best attempted from the knowledge acquired after watching video lecture no. 1 to lecture no 13 and reading handouts as well as recommended text book).
Schedule
Opening Date and Time
April 22, 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Due Date and Time
April 27 , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
Note: Only in the case of Assignment, 24 Hrs extra / grace periodafter the above mentioned due date is usually available to overcome uploading difficulties which may be faced by the students on last date. This extra time should only be used to meet the emergencies and above mentioned due dates should always be treated as final to avoid any inconvenience.
Important Instructions:
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting the assignment solution.
Deadline:
• Make sure that you upload the solution file before the due date. Noassignment will be accepted through e-mail after the due date.
Formatting guidelines:
• Use the font style “Times New Roman” and font size “12”.
• It is advised to compose your document in MS-Word 2003.
• Use black and blue font colors only.
Solution guidelines:
• Every student will work individually and has to write in the form of ananalytical assignment.
• Give the answer according to question, there will be negative marking
for irrelevant material.
• For acquiring the relevant knowledge don’t rely only on handouts butwatch the video lectures and use other reference books also.
Rules for Marking
Please note that your assignment will not be graded or graded as Zero (0) if:
• It has been submitted after due date.
• The file you uploaded does not open or is corrupt.
• It is in any format other than .doc (MS. Word)
• It is cheated or copied from other students, internet, books, journals etc…
Fin622 GDB No. 1 Announcement
Semester “Spring 2011”
“Corporate Finance (Fin622)”
This is to inform that Graded Discussion Board (GDB) will be opened according to the following schedule
Schedule
April 19 , 2011 At 12:01 A.M. (Mid-Night)
Closing Date and Time
April 22 , 2011 At 11:59 P.M. (Mid-Night)
Topic/Area for Discussion
Note: The discussion question will be from the area/topic mentioned above. So start learning about the topic now.
Discussion Question
Usually NPV and IRR techniques of project evaluation leads to the same ranking for given projects and make the decision to undertake project relatively simple. But sometimes it does happen that a ranking conflict arises by using both techniques i.e. both techniques provide contradictory ranking of given projects.
You are required to discuss the circumstances when NPV and IRR lead to a ranking conflict for two projects?
Your answer should be relevant and should not exceed 4 to 5 lines.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::
Solution:
NPV and IRR Conflict
Conflicts between NPV and IRR can arise in numerous circumstances: different lives, different sizes, different risk factors, or different timing of cash flows. The underlying cause of the conflict resides in the assumption of cash flow reinvestment. The process of discounting and time value of money is predicated on interest compounding and discounting is predicated on what discount rate is chosen. In IRR calculation, the implied interest rate of reinvestment of cash flows is IRR itself. In NPV calculation, it is the discount rate. Which of the two methods is correct depends on the choice of what is a more realistic rate of reinvestment of cash flows: IRR or discount rate. Most often the reinvestment opportunities that a company has are those that can earn its weighted average cost of capital, because it is what its projects earn on average. Relying on an assumption of weight average cost of capital as the reinvestment opportunity is also more conservative. Thus, NPV is most often the safest basis for decision.
But that may not be always the case. For instance, choosing projects that have positive NPV implies that they earn a higher return than risk adjusted cost of capital. This implies that we expect opportunities for reinvestment of cash flows at higher rates. Higher rates of return can also be required when future inflation is anticipated. To investigate the impact of cash flow reinvestment opportunity, advanced textbooks in financial management recommend calculating an adjusted NPV and an adjusted IRR. These are obtained by first calculating a terminal value which is the future value of cash flows compounded at the opportunity rate of reinvestment calculation of future value). Then the terminal value is discounted to the present using the weighted average cost of capital. Thus the adjusted NPV is given by
(Ct(1+k0)t ) * ((1 + kc )n – 1) / kcSAdjusted NPV = - I0 +
where I0 = initial outlay
Ct = cash flows
k0 = opportunity rate of reinvestment
kc = weighted average cost of capital
t = time period
n = length of project
Likewise, the adjusted IRR is given by
(Ct(1+k0)t ) * ((1 + x )n – 1) / xSAdjusted IRR = x where I0 =
By using the same rate of reinvestment of cash flows for NPV and IRR removes the conflict between NPV and IRR. The additional steps required in the calculation of adjusted NPV and IRR are not intuitively appealing. The complexity of the procedure makes it rather unpopular, and as long as conservative rates of reinvestment are used the results merely confirm the conclusion reached with the unadjusted NPV. This gives even more reason to rely on ordinary NPV. Also keep in mind the rough estimates often used in cash flow projections: the theoretical complexity seems somewhat remote from reality.
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Assuming these projects are mutually exclusive, the circumstances that lead to conflict include this: project a generating less cash flow in the first couple of years and then generating most of total cash flow in the last years of the project. project b is the opposite; it is generating most of its cash flow in the first couple of years and then generating the least in the last years of the project.
When everything is summed up for the two projects, project a has generated more cash flow than project b. However, the IRR is greater for project b. how is this so? remember that we are discounting the cash flows. So, project a having most of its cash flow in the last years meant it had to be discounted back more years, resulting in less present value. project b having most of its cash flow in the first years led to a greater return when NPV is zero.
What you see is that when the discount rate is zero, the NPV is greater for project a since it generated more total cash flow. As you increase the required return, you then see that at some point, there will be a crossover, and the NPV of project b will be greater than project a. This is how NPV and IRR leads to ranking conflict.
To sum up, if you have two projects in which project x has greater cash flows and most of those cash flows happen at the end of the project's cycle, it is more attractive if the discount rate is lower since the NPV will be higher than project y. for project y which has lower cash flows and most of those cash flows happen at the start of the project, it is more attractive if the discount rate is high since the NPV will be higher than project x.
Thus, in a situation where you could only choose one project and not both, you first would calculate the crossover point, the point in which both projects have the same NPV and required return. You would then check where the investors' expectations are concerning their required rate of return. If it is lower than the crossover discount rate, then project x is a better choice than project y.
Mgt402 Assignment solution
Solution:
Question # 1
Over/under applied FOH Rs.2,760 Under Applied
Adjustment on entire production:
Work in process cost 42,631
Finished goods cost 31,598
Cost of goods sold 821,031
Question # 2
Economic order quantity 10,000
Effect of cost reduction on EOQ 9,997 (No Effect)
Working:
Over/under applied FOH:
Applied FOH = Rs.290,000 x 30% of Direct Labor
= Rs.87,000
Actual FOH = Indirect Labor + Depreciation + Light & Power + Repair to Machinery + Misc. FOH
= 46,000 + 4,700 + 4,260 + 5,800 + 29,000
= Rs.89,760
Over/under applied FOH = 87,000 - 89,760
= Rs.2,760 Under Applied
Cost of Goods Sold Statement
Direct Material Consumed 440,000
Add: Direct Labor 290,000
Add: FOH Cost (290,000* 30%) 87,000
Total Factory Cost 817,000
Add: Opening W.I.P 41,200
Less: Ending W.I.P (42,500)
Add: Opening Finished Goods 34,300
Less: Closing Finished Goods (31,500)
Cost of Goods Sold (At Normal) 818,500
Adjustment on entire production:
Work in process cost (42500 + 131) 42,631
Finished goods cost (31,500 + 98) 31,598
Cost of goods sold (818,500 + 2,531) 821,031
2- EOQ = √2 x RU x OC / UC x CC%
= √2 x 120,000 x 1,500 / 60 x 6%
= 10,000
Effect of cost reduction By 2% on EOQ
EOQ = √2 x RU x OC / UC x CC%
= √2 x 120,000 x 1,470 / 60 x 5.88%
= 9,997