Fin630 Assignment No. 1 Solution

“Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management” (Fin 630)

Dividend Discount Model
Company A is currently selling for Rs. 90 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share. Dividend is expected to grow at rate of 5 percent per year. The required rate of return for investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the degree of riskiness.
Company B is currently selling for Rs. 85 and paying dividend of Rs. 10 per share. For the next year dividend is Rs. 10.6 per share, which shows growth rate of 6 percent per year. The required rate of return for investors is 17% to invest in the stock with the degree of riskiness.

A) Calculate the price of stock for Company A and Company B using Dividend Discount
Model.
Solution A:
Po for A = D(1+g)/r-g
Po = 10(1+0.05)/0.17 – 0.05
Po = 10(1.05)/0.12
Po = 10.5/0.12
Po = 87.5

Po for B = D(1+g)/r-g
Po = 10(1+0.06)/0.17 – 0.06
Po = 10(1.06)/0.11
Po = 10.6/0.11
Po = 96.36
B) If you have to choose one of these two stocks, which stock you will buy?
Solution B:

In part B I will buy the stock of company "B" because its current market price is low than fair price which we have calculated by using dividend discount model. Stock of company "B" also has greater growth rate than stock of Company "A"

C) If both companies have decided not to pay cash dividend but they are offering 10%
stock dividend. If you are holding 500 shares of Company A and 1,000 shares of
Company B, calculate total number of shares of each Company you will hold after
receiving stock dividend.

Solution C:

Company offers 10% stock dividend to all shareholders. Means that if you own 100 shares than company will give you 10 more shares free of cost. Number of shares increases but Total Value of Firm is unchanged.

Company A = 500 Share x 10%
Company A = 500 Share x 0.10
Company A = 50
Total Number of Shares = 500+50
Total Number of Share = 550 shares

Company B = 1000 Share x 10%
Company B = 1000 Share x 0.10
Company B = 100
Total Number of Shares = 1000+100
Total Number of Shares = 1100 shares

Mgt601 Assignment No. 1 solution

“SME Management (MGT601)”Assignment No. 01

“Women Entrepreneurs”

Answer the following questions:

Q#01

How do you see women entrepreneurs in Pakistani society - a developing nation; as wastage of efforts or a real push in the growth of economy? Discuss.

The article given here is for your assistance. You are advised to read it, comprehend it, clear your concepts and attempt the given question. You can also search and refer to other helping material according to your convenience rather than sticking to this particular article only.

Solution:
In Pakistan, women entrepreneurs do not enjoy the same opportunities as men due to a number of deep-rooted discriminatory socio-cultural values and traditions. Moreover, these restrictions can be observed within the support mechanisms that exist to assist such fledgling businesswomen. The economic potential of female entrepreneurs is not being realized as they suffer from a lack of access to capital, land, business premises, information technology, training and agency assistance. Inherent attitudes of a patriarchal society, that men are superior to women and that women are best suited to be homemakers, create formidable challenges. Women also receive little encouragement from some male family members, resulting in limited spatial mobility and a dearth of social capital.
The ILO research on women entrepreneurs in Pakistan has shown certain leak points gaps in the development of women entrepreneurs and has emphasized and recommend for actions needed to be taken in order to encourage and promote women entrepreneurship. The research shows that women has to face certain hurdles like gender discrimination, lack of safety, family and traditional restrictions, lack of access to education, market, business premises and other require tools for getting into and starting the business. Moreover there aren't any proper constitutional structures, policy documents, regulatory arrangements and institutional mechanism that can support or acknowledge women entrepreneurship in Pakistan.
However beside all the barriers and hurdles it is a please to note that Pakistani society is increasingly accepting businesswomen. Research has shown that 32% of women entrepreneurs believed that the general perception women in business had improved. Further certain organizations such as First Women’s Bank Limited (FWBL) are also established to cater solely to the financial needs of women entrepreneurs. Its mandate was to improve the socio-economic status of women in both urban and rural areas by creating opportunities for their development through enhanced economic participation. The research also shows that there are 47% of women entrepreneurs in textiles industry, 42% in private institutions and 27% of women are contributing in the half of the household income.
The research on government policies has shown that in order to involve women in productive economic activities, including exports, the Ministry is moving forward on a broad-based programmed in collaboration with the private sector. An Export Trade House and Display Centre each has been established at Lahore and Islamabad. Similar ventures are proposed at Karachi, Muzaffarabad and other major cities. To facilitate women entrepreneurs in their business activities both local and foreign, Business Centers in collaboration with the First Women Bank Limited (FWBL) have been established at Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. Similar Centers are planned for Quetta, Peshawar and other major cities. These results show that efforts of women entrepreneurs are not of waste of time and they are contributing to push in the growth of economy. However these contributions can be made more significant, it is suggested that in order to foster development, multi-agency cooperation is required. The media, educational policy makers and government agencies could combine to provide women with improved access to business development services and facilitate local, regional and national networks. This would help integration of women entrepreneurs into the mainstream economy.

Mth302 Assignment No. 1 Solution

Question 1:

If the basic salary of an employee is Rs. 37000 and allowances are Rs. 22,000.

What is the taxable income of employee?

Solution

Basic Salary Rs.37000

Allowances Rs. 22000

% of Allowances (22,000 / 37000) x100 = 59.50%

Allowed non-taxable Allowance (50% = 0.5 x 37000 = 18500)

Taxable Allowances (59.50% - 50%)

(22000 - 18500) Rs. 3500

Hence 3,500 Rs. of allowances are taxable.

Total Taxable Income (37000 + 3500) Rs.40500

Question 2:

If the salary and allowances of an employee is as follows:

Basic salary = Rs. 12,000

House Rent Allowance = 45%

Conveyance Allowance = 5%

Utilities Allowance = 7%

Group Insurance/Medical = 0%

Misc. Social Charges = 5.8%

There are 12 casual, 24 earned and no sick leaves per year where as normal working days per month are 26. Find the Gross remuneration of the employee.

Solution

Rs. Rs.

Basic Salary 12,000

Allowances:

House Rent 45% (Calculation # 1) Rs. 5,400

Conveyance 5% (Calculation 2) Rs. 600

Utilities 7% (Calculation # 3) Rs. 840

Total Allowances 6,840

Gross Salary 18,840

Misc. Social Charges 5.8% (Calculation # 4) 1,093

Leaves Cost (Calculation # 5) 26,086

Gross Remuneration 46,019

Additional Working

Calculation # 1

H. R. Allowance 45% of Basic Salary

= (45 / 100) x 12,000 = Rs. 5,400

Calculation # 2

Conveyance Allowance 5% of Basic Salary

= (5 / 100) x 12,000 = Rs. 600

Calculation # 3

Utilities Allowances 7% of Basic Salary

= (7 / 100) x 12,000 = Rs. 840

Calculation # 4

Misc. Social Charges 5.8% of Gross Salary

= (58 / 1000) x 18,840 = 1,092.72 or Rs. 1,093

Calculation # 5

Cost of Leaves

Causal = (12 / 26) x 18,840 = 8,695.38 or 8,695 Rs.

Earned = (24 / 26) x 18,840 = 17,390.77 or 17,391 Rs.

Total cost of leaves = 26,086 Rs.

Question 3:

A trade discount series of 20, 10, and 5 is offered on an item which has a list price of Rs. 9100. Find the amount of discount and the net price.

Solution

Rs.

List Price = 9,100

Here Discount1 = 20%

Discount 2 = 10%

Discount 3 = 5%

Net Price = L (1 – d1) (1 – d2) (1 – d3)

= 9,100 (1 – 0.2) (1 – 0.1) (1 – 0.05)

= 9,100 (0.8) (0.9) (0.95)

= 9,100 (0.984)

Net Price = Rs.6, 224.4

Discount = List Price - Net Price

= 9,100 - 6,224.4

Discount = 2,875.6

Question 4:

If your goal is to have an amount of 325000 in seven years and you can get interest rate of 9% per annum compounded annually. How much would you need to invest now?

Solution

Compound Amount S = Rs. 325,000

Rate of Interest r = 9 % = 0.09

Number of Periods n = 7 years

Principal Amount P = ?

S = P (1+r) ^n

325,000 = P (1 + 0.09) ^7

325,000 = P (1.09) ^7

325,000 = P (1.82804)

Dividing both side by 1.82804

325,000 / 1.82804 = P

177,786.04 = P

So the Principal amount need to invest now = Rs. 177,786.04

Question 5:

If you start saving Rs. 28,000 at the end of each six month, and you get interest rate 11% (per annum) compounded semi-annually, how much will you have accumulated at the end of 20 years?

Solution

Amount of Annuity per period C = Rs. 28,000

Rate of Interest i = 11 % p.a

= 5.5 % = 0.055 semi-annually

Number of Payment n = 20 yearly = 40 semi-annually

Accumulated Value of Annuity S = ?

S = C * ((1 + i) ^n – 1) / i

S = 28,000 * ((1 + .055) ^40 – 1) / 0.055

S = 28,000 * ((1.055) ^40 – 1) / 0.055

S = 28,000 * (8.51331 – 1) / 0.055

S = 28,000 (136.60564)

So the Future Value or Accumulated Value of an ordinary annuity is

S = Rs.3824957.92

Question 6:

The price of an item decreased from Rs. 856 to Rs.752. What is the percentage change in price of item?

Solution

Initial Price = Rs. 856

Revised Price = Rs.752

Change = Revised Price - Initial Price

= 752 - 856 = Rs. - 104

Percentage of Change = (Change / Initial Price) x 100

= (- 104 / 856) x 100

= - 12.1495 %

So the price decreased by 12.1495 %

Question # 7

Suppose you can afford to pay 9,000 per month on a loan. How much can you borrow if the loan is for a period of 15 years and the interest rate is 5% per annum compounded monthly?

Solution

Cash flow per period C = 9,000 Rs.

Rate of Interest i = 5 % p.a = 0.004166667 p.m

Number of Payment n = 15 year = 180 month

Discounted Value of Annuity S = ?

S = C * (1 - (1 + i)^-n) / i

S = 9,000 * (1 - (1 .004166667)^-180) / 0.004166667

S = 9,000 * (1 - (.473103127) / 0.004166667

S = 9,000 * (.526896872) / 0.004166667

S = 9,000 * (126.45523937)

S = Rs. 1,138,097.15

So the Present Value or discounted Value of a loan is

S = Rs. 1,138,097.15

FIN625 Assignment Solution

Q1) Credit score is considered one of the best measures for checking the credit standing for anybody. If one has poor credit score then what measures can be taken in order to improve credit score?

There are followings measures to improve credit scores

1) Make your payments on time

2) Not borrowing against lines

3) Budget income

4) Saving money

5) Don’t cancel credit card

6) Pay off large debts

7) Don’t cancel credit cards

8) Pay down debts

(Explain any 5 in above)

Q2) While granting loans to applicants, lending institutions first decides whether applicant has good credit worthiness. What factors the lending institutions must consider before sanctioning loan?

Factors that must consider before sanctioning loans are

a) Employment

b) Source of Income

c) Credit History

d) Stability

e) Purpose of Taking the Loan

f) Documentation

(Discuss them in details by yourself)

BNK603 Assignment No. 1 solution

Question 1:
Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself.
Strategic Economies
Unlike operational efficiencies, Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself. Strategic Economic come in three varieties:

1. Scale
2. Focus
3. Scope

1. Scale
Scale can derive efficiencies in many ways through:

a) Better Plant Utilization.

b) Greater Purchasing Power.

c) The Muscle to enforce industry wide price discipline Industries revolutionaries often consolidate fragmented industries. Any that gets caught behind the consolidation curve and misses the chance.

d) To build Scale Advantage will be left with a notable disadvantage

2. Focus
A company with a high degree of Focus & Specialization may reap economies compared with competitors with a more diffused Business Mission and a less coherent mix of products & services.
Focus is not about efficiency in a cost sense; it’s about in a don’t-get-distracted, get-all-the-wood-behind one- arrow sense.

3. Scope
The idea here is almost opposite of focus. A company that can leverage resources and management talents across a broad array of opportunities may have an efficiency advantage over firms that cannot. Scope Economies come from sharing things across business units & countries; Brands, Facilities, Best Practices, Scare Talent, IT Infrastructure, and so on. Scope Economies come in a variety of flavors; Channel Power & access to distribution channels, Economies in buying ad space & running high-tech distribution centers.

Question 2:
What kinds of challenges are being faced by the retail banking in Pakistan?
Answer 2:
Challenges to Retail Banking in Pakistan:
The issue of money laundering is very important in retail banking. This compels all the banks to scrutinize diligently all the documents which they accept while entering into a relationship. Outsourcing has become significant in recent past because various core activities such as hardware and software maintenance, entire ATM set up and operation (including cash, refilling) etc., are being handled by outside vendors. Banks are expected to take utmost care to retain the ongoing trust of the public. Customer service should be at the end all in retail banking. Someone has rightly said, “It takes months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose one.” Thus, strategy of Knowing Your Customer (KYC) is important. The dependency on technology has brought IT departments’ additional responsibilities and challenges in managing, maintaining and optimizing the performance of retail banking networks.
It is equally important that banks should maintain security to the advance level to keep the faith of the customer. The efficiency of operations would provide the competitive edge for the success in retail banking in coming years. The customer retention is of paramount important for the profitability of retail banking business & increase in the market share. One of the crucial impediments for the growth of this sector is the shortage of manpower talent of this specific nature, a modern banking professional, for a modern banking sector.